Which condition is characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood?

Hyperkalemia is the condition characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood. Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in various bodily functions, including maintaining normal muscle and nerve function, regulating heart rhythm, and balancing fluids in the body. When potassium levels rise above the normal range, usually defined as above 5.0 mEq/L, it can lead to significant health consequences, particularly affecting heart function. Symptoms of hyperkalemia may include muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and in severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

In contrast, other conditions mentioned relate to imbalances in different electrolytes: hyponatremia involves low sodium levels, hypokalemia refers to low potassium levels, and hypernatremia signifies high levels of sodium. Understanding these terms is vital in recognizing electrolyte imbalances and their physiological implications.